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ArabicNumerous dialects and local variants of Arabic are used in the Sahel, where it was introduced in the wake of Islam or islamised Arabic tribes. It is used primarily as a vehicular language, though in the republic of Sudan, in the Chad and northeastern Nigeria (Bornu) it is also the first language of a large part of the population. Nevertheless, Arabic influence (loanwords, literary traditions) can be found in numerous languages of west, central and eastern Africa.
Jonathan Owens (ed.): Arabs and Arabic in the Lake Chad Region Al-Amin Abu-Manga: Hausa in the Sudan. Process of Adaptation to Arabic
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